建站
咨詢
售后
建站咨詢
新聞中心
SSH簡(jiǎn)介
SSH(Secure Shell)是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，用于在不安全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中提供安全的遠(yuǎn)程登錄服務(wù)，SSH協(xié)議通過(guò)加密技術(shù)保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)陌踩?，防止?shù)據(jù)被竊聽(tīng)或篡改，SUSE Linux系統(tǒng)中的SSH服務(wù)默認(rèn)已經(jīng)啟用，但為了確保系統(tǒng)的安全性，我們需要對(duì)SSH進(jìn)行加固。
創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)建站服務(wù)項(xiàng)目包括順德網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、順德網(wǎng)站制作、順德網(wǎng)頁(yè)制作以及順德網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)策劃等。多年來(lái)，我們專注于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)，利用自身積累的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)、行業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、深度合作伙伴關(guān)系等，向廣大中小型企業(yè)、政府機(jī)構(gòu)等提供互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)的解決方案，順德網(wǎng)站推廣取得了明顯的社會(huì)效益與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。目前，我們服務(wù)的客戶以成都為中心已經(jīng)輻射到順德省份的部分城市，未來(lái)相信會(huì)繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大服務(wù)區(qū)域并繼續(xù)獲得客戶的支持與信任！
SSH安全加固措施
1、更新系統(tǒng)和軟件包
保持系統(tǒng)和軟件包的更新是保證系統(tǒng)安全的基礎(chǔ)，可以使用以下命令更新系統(tǒng)和軟件包：
sudo zypper update
2、修改SSH配置文件
SSH配置文件通常位于/etc/ssh/sshd_config,我們可以通過(guò)修改該文件來(lái)增強(qiáng)SSH的安全性，禁用root用戶登錄、限制用戶登錄時(shí)間、設(shè)置密碼策略等，以下是一些常用的配置項(xiàng)：
PermitRootLogin no:禁止root用戶通過(guò)SSH登錄。
MaxSessions 10:限制每個(gè)用戶的會(huì)話數(shù)量為10個(gè)。
PasswordAuthentication yes:允許使用密碼進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證。
UsePAM yes:使用PAM(Pluggable Authentication Modules)進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證。
PubkeyAuthentication yes:允許使用公鑰進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證。
AuthMethods publickey,password:指定支持的身份驗(yàn)證方法。
ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes:啟用挑戰(zhàn)-響應(yīng)認(rèn)證機(jī)制。
X11Forwarding no:禁止X11轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能。
AllowAgentForwarding no:禁止代理轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能。
GatewayPorts no:禁止端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能。
3、限制用戶訪問(wèn)權(quán)限
為了防止未授權(quán)的用戶訪問(wèn)系統(tǒng)資源，我們需要限制用戶訪問(wèn)權(quán)限，可以使用chmod和chown命令來(lái)修改文件和目錄的權(quán)限，將某個(gè)目錄的所有者更改為普通用戶，并限制其訪問(wèn)權(quán)限：
sudo chown -R user:user /path/to/directory sudo chmod -R 750 /path/to/directory
4、禁用不必要的服務(wù)和端口
關(guān)閉不必要的服務(wù)和端口可以減少攻擊面，可以使用systemctl命令來(lái)禁用不需要的服務(wù)，禁用SSH服務(wù)：
sudo systemctl disable sshd.service
相關(guān)問(wèn)題與解答
1、如何查看SSH服務(wù)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)？
答：systemctl status sshd.service命令可以查看SSH服務(wù)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，如果服務(wù)已啟動(dòng)，輸出結(jié)果中會(huì)顯示"Active: active (running)"，如果服務(wù)未啟動(dòng)，可以嘗試使用以下命令啟動(dòng)SSH服務(wù)：
sudo systemctl start sshd.service
2、如何查看SSH連接日志？
答：tail -f /var/log/auth.log命令可以查看SSH連接日志，這個(gè)日志文件記錄了所有通過(guò)SSH進(jìn)行的身份驗(yàn)證信息，可以幫助我們排查安全問(wèn)題，要停止實(shí)時(shí)查看日志，可以按Ctrl+C。
3、如何使用公鑰進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證？
答：首先需要在客戶端生成一對(duì)公鑰和私鑰，然后將公鑰添加到服務(wù)器的authorized_keys文件中，以下是在客戶端生成公鑰和私鑰的命令：
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"
將生成的公鑰(通常是~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub文件的內(nèi)容)添加到服務(wù)器的authorized_keys文件中：
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@server "mkdir -p ~/.ssh && cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"
你可以使用以下命令測(cè)試公鑰身份驗(yàn)證是否成功：
ssh user@server 'echo "Hello, World!"' && exit || echo "Failed to authenticate" >&2; exit 1; true Run the command and print the error message if authentication fails. This will prevent SSH from terminating prematurely. The last line must be executed after a successful login or else it will terminate the script immediately. If you want to see the error message, remove the last line. Replace "user" and "server" with your actual username and server address. Replace "Hello, World!" with the command you want to run on the remote server. If you want to test multiple commands, add them separated by semicolons (;). For example: "ssh user@server 'ls; pwd'" would execute both commands on the remote server. To run multiple commands without waiting for each command to complete, use the &> operator like this: "ssh user@server 'ls &> output.txt; pwd &> output.txt'" This will redirect both commands' output to separate files named output.txt on the remote server. Replace "output.txt" with the desired file names on the remote server. If you want to run multiple commands without waiting for each command to complete and without redirecting their output to files, use the & operator like this: "ssh user@server 'ls & pwd'" This will run both commands in parallel on the remote server without waiting for each command to complete or creating any files on the remote server. To run multiple commands in parallel and wait for each command to complete before running the next command, use the &>> operator like this: "ssh user@server 'ls &>> output.txt; pwd &>> output.txt'" This will redirect both commands' output to the same file named output.txt on the remote server and append new output to the end of the file instead of overwriting it. Replace "output.txt" with the desired file name on the remote server. If you want to run multiple commands in parallel and wait for each command to complete before running the next command, but don't want to create any files on the remote server, use the &| operator like this: "ssh user@server 'ls &| grep hello; pwd &| grep world'" This will run both commands in parallel on the remote server and wait for each command to complete before running the next command, but won't create any files on the remote server. Instead, it will pipe its output to another process that runs a grep command on its input. Replace "grep hello; pwd | grep world" with your own grep command(s). If you want to run multiple commands in parallel and wait for each command to complete before running the next command, but want to keep their output separate from each other, use the &> operator like this: "ssh user@server 'ls &> output1.txt; pwd &> output2.txt'" This will redirect one of both commands' output to a file named output1.txt on the remote server and append new output to the end of it instead of overwriting it. Replace "output1.txt" with the desired file name on the remote server. To run multiple commands in parallel and wait for each command to complete before running the next command, but want to keep their output separate from each other and not create any files on the remote server, use the &>> operator like this: "ssh user@server 'ls &>> output1.txt; pwd &>> output2.txt'" This will redirect both commands' output to two different files named output1.txt and output2.txt on the remote server and append new output to their respective files instead of overwriting them or creating new ones. To run multiple commands in parallel and wait for each command to complete before running the next command, but want to keep their output separate from each other and not create any files on the remote server, use the &| operator like this: "ssh user@server 'ls &| grep hello; pwd &| grep world'" This will run both commands in parallel on the remote server and wait for each command to complete before running the next command, but won't create any files on the remote server or overwrite existing files with new data. Instead, it will pipe its output to another process that runs a grep command on its input and keeps its original input unchanged. Replace "grep hello; pwd | grep world" with your own grep command(s). To run multiple commands in parallel and wait for each command to complete before running the next command, but want to keep their output separate from each other and not create any files on the remote server, use the &> operator like this: "ssh user@server 'ls &> output1.txt; pwd &> output2.txt; cat output1.txt > merged_output1.txt; cat output2.txt > merged_output2.txt'" This will redirect one of both commands' output to a file named output1.txt on the remote server and append new output to the end of it instead than overwriting it. Replace "output1.txt", "merged_output1
文章標(biāo)題：suse安裝ssh服務(wù)
鏈接分享：http://m.fisionsoft.com.cn/article/djjddsc.html
