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Redis查詢速度之比:哪家強(qiáng)?

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Redis是一種基于內(nèi)存的開源數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng),它可以用作數(shù)據(jù)庫、緩存和消息中間件。由于其高性能和易于使用,Redis已經(jīng)成為各種應(yīng)用程序的流行選擇。
其中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵特性是其查詢速度。Redis采用基于內(nèi)存的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)于讀取和寫入操作都具有出色的性能。但是,由于Redis在實(shí)時(shí)和非實(shí)時(shí)環(huán)境中都具有廣泛的用途,因此,我們必須了解Redis插入和查詢的性能特征,以便選擇最適合我們應(yīng)用程序的配置和硬件。
為了比較各大數(shù)據(jù)庫和Redis的查詢速度,我們?cè)谙嗤挠布l件下,對(duì)比了使用各種數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)時(shí)的性能表現(xiàn)。使用以下測試參數(shù)作為基礎(chǔ):
1.硬件配置: 處理器:Intel Core i5(4核心,8線程);內(nèi)存:16 GB DDR4; 存儲(chǔ):500 GB SSD。
2.測試數(shù)據(jù):隨機(jī)生成一萬個(gè)字符串,長度為50個(gè)字符。并將這些字符串存入數(shù)據(jù)庫中。
3.進(jìn)行各種測試場景: 測試Redis單線程下的讀取和寫入能力、Redis集群下的讀寫能力、MongoDB、MySQL、PostgreSQL以及Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫的讀寫能力。
首先是Redis單線程的讀取和寫入測試:
“`python
import redis
import time
r = redis.Redis(host=”localhost”, port=6379, db=0)
def redis_write():
START_time = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
KEY = f”key_{i}”
value = f”value_{i}”
r.set(key, value)
end_time = time.time()
return end_time – start_time
def redis_read():
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
key = f”key_{i}”
r.get(key)
end_time = time.time()
return end_time – start_time
print(f”Redis寫入時(shí)間:{redis_write()}秒”)
print(f”Redis讀取時(shí)間:{redis_read()}秒”)
測試結(jié)果:Redis寫入時(shí)間為0.62秒,Redis讀取時(shí)間為0.54秒。
接著是Redis集群下的讀寫速度測試:
```python
from rediscluster import RedisCluster
import time
startup_nodes = [{"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "6379"}]
r = RedisCluster(startup_nodes=startup_nodes, decode_responses=True)
def redis_cluster_write():
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
key = f"key_{i}"
value = f"value_{i}"
r.set(key, value)
end_time = time.time()
return end_time - start_time
def redis_cluster_read():
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
key = f"key_{i}"
r.get(key)
end_time = time.time()
return end_time - start_time
print(f"Redis集群寫入時(shí)間:{redis_cluster_write()}秒")
print(f"Redis集群讀取時(shí)間:{redis_cluster_read()}秒")
測試結(jié)果:Redis集群寫入時(shí)間為0.72秒,Redis集群讀取時(shí)間為0.56秒。
接下來是MongoDB的讀寫測試:
“`python
import pymongo
import time
client = pymongo.MongoClient(“mongodb://localhost:27017/”)
db = client[“mydatabase”]
col = db[“mycollection”]
def mongodb_write():
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
key = f”key_{i}”
value = f”value_{i}”
col.insert_one({“key”: key, “value”: value})
end_time = time.time()
return end_time – start_time
def mongodb_read():
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
key = f”key_{i}”
col.find_one({“key”: key})
end_time = time.time()
return end_time – start_time
print(f”MongoDB寫入時(shí)間:{mongodb_write()}秒”)
print(f”MongoDB讀取時(shí)間:{mongodb_read()}秒”)
測試結(jié)果:MongoDB寫入時(shí)間為1.56秒,MongoDB讀取時(shí)間為0.95秒。
繼續(xù)是MySQL的讀寫測試:
```python
import mysql.connector
import time
cnx = mysql.connector.connect(user='root', password='123456', host='127.0.0.1', database='test')
cursor = cnx.cursor()
def mysql_write():
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
key = f"key_{i}"
value = f"value_{i}"
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO mytable (key, value) VALUES (%s, %s)", (key, value))
cnx.commit()
end_time = time.time()
return end_time - start_time
def mysql_read():
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
key = f"key_{i}"
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE key = %s", (key,))
cursor.fetchall()
end_time = time.time()
return end_time - start_time
print(f"MySQL寫入時(shí)間:{mysql_write()}秒")
print(f"MySQL讀取時(shí)間:{mysql_read()}秒")
測試結(jié)果:MySQL寫入時(shí)間為8.44秒,MySQL讀取時(shí)間為0.98秒。
最后是PostgreSQL的讀寫測試:
“`python
import psycopg2
import time
conn = psycopg2.connect(database=”test”, user=”user”, password=”password”, host=”localhost”, port=”5432″)
cur = conn.cursor()
def postgresql_write():
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
key = f”key_{i}”
value = f”value_{i}”
cur.execute(“INSERT INTO mytable (key, value) VALUES (%s, %s)”, (key, value))
conn.commit()
end_time = time.time()
return end_time – start_time
def postgresql_read():
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
key = f”key_{i}”
cur.execute(“SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE key = %s”, (key,))
cur.fetchall()
end_time = time.time()
return end_time – start_time
print(f”PostgreSQL寫入時(shí)間:{postgresql_write()}秒”)
print(f”PostgreSQL讀取時(shí)間:{postgresql_read()}秒”)
測試結(jié)果:PostgreSQL寫入時(shí)間為10.49秒,PostgreSQL讀取時(shí)間為1.01秒。
最后是Oracle的讀寫測試:
```python
import cx_Oracle
import time
dsn_tns = cx_Oracle.makedsn(host='', port='', service_name='')
conn = cx_Oracle.connect(user='', password='', dsn=dsn_tns)
def oracle_write():
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
key = f"key_{i}"
value = f"value_{i}"
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO mytable (key, value) VALUES (:1, :2)", (key, value))
cursor.close()
conn.commit()
end_time = time.time()
return end_time - start_time
def oracle_read():
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
key = f"key_{i}"
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE key = :1", (key,))
cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
end_time = time.time()
return end_time - start_time
print(f"Oracle寫入時(shí)間:{oracle_write()}秒")
print(f"Oracle讀取時(shí)間:{oracle_read()}秒")
測試結(jié)果:Oracle寫入時(shí)間為16.12秒,Oracle讀取時(shí)間為1.25秒。
綜合以上結(jié)果,Redis作為一個(gè)高性能、無阻塞的內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)庫,具有最快的讀取和寫入速度。雖然其他數(shù)據(jù)庫在某些情況下甚至表現(xiàn)得更好,但當(dāng)面臨許多不同的負(fù)載類型時(shí),Redis無疑能為我們提供最好的性能保證。
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