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CentOS7中使用NTP進(jìn)行時間同步
1. NTP時鐘同步方式說明
NTP在linux下有兩種時鐘同步方式，分別為直接同步和平滑同步：
直接同步
使用ntpdate命令進(jìn)行同步，直接進(jìn)行時間變更。如果服務(wù)器上存在一個12點運行的任務(wù)，當(dāng)前服務(wù)器時間是13點，但標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間時11點，使用此命令可能會造成任務(wù)重復(fù)執(zhí)行。因此使用ntpdate同步可能會引發(fā)風(fēng)險，因此該命令也多用于配置時鐘同步服務(wù)時第一次同步時間時使用。
平滑同步
使用ntpd進(jìn)行時鐘同步，可以保證一個時間不經(jīng)歷兩次，它每次同步時間的偏移量不會太陡，是慢慢來的，這正因為這樣，ntpd平滑同步可能耗費的時間比較長。
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標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時鐘同步服務(wù)
http://www.pool.ntp.org/zone/cn網(wǎng)站包含全球的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間同步服務(wù)，也包括對中國時間的同步，對應(yīng)的URL為cn.pool.ntp.org，在其中也描述了ntp配置文件中的建議寫法：
server 1.cn.pool.ntp.org
server 3.asia.pool.ntp.org
server 2.asia.pool.ntp.org
2. 環(huán)境情況
準(zhǔn)備四臺電腦，分別為：
| IP | 用途 |
|---|---|
| 192.168.11.212 | ntpd服務(wù)器，用于與外部公共ntpd同步標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間 |
| 172.16.248.129 | ntpd客戶端，用于與ntpd同步時間 |
| 172.16.248.130 | ntpd客戶端，用于與ntpd同步時間 |
| 172,16,248.131 | ntpd客戶端，用于與ntpd同步時間 |
3. 檢查服務(wù)是否安裝
- 使用rpm檢查ntp包是否安裝
[root@localhost kevin]# rpm -q ntp
ntp-4.2.6p5-19.el7.CentOS.3.x86_64- 如果已經(jīng)安裝則略過此步，否則使用yum進(jìn)行安裝，并設(shè)置系統(tǒng)開機自動啟動并啟動服務(wù)
[root@localhost kevin]# yum -y install ntp
[root@localhost kevin]# systemctl enable ntpd
[root@localhost kevin]# systemctl start ntpd4. 設(shè)置ntp服務(wù)器: 192.168.11.212
配置前先使用命令：
ntpdate -u cn.pool.ntp.org，同步服務(wù)器
- 修改/etc/ntp.conf文件，紅色字體是修改的內(nèi)容
# For more information about this file, see the man pages
# ntp.conf(5), ntp_acc(5), ntp_auth(5), ntp_clock(5), ntp_misc(5), ntp_mon(5). driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift # Permit time synchronization with our time source, but do not # permit the source to query or modify the service on this system. restrict default nomodify notrap nopeer noquery # Permit all access over the loopback interface. This could # be tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of # the administrative functions. restrict 127.0.0.1 restrict ::1 # Hosts on local network are less restricted. #restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap restrict 172.16.248.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap # Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project. # Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html). #server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst server 2.cn.pool.ntp.org server 1.asia.pool.ntp.org server 2.asia.pool.ntp.org #broadcast 192.168.1.255 autokey # broadcast server #broadcastclient # broadcast client #broadcast 224.0.1.1 autokey # multicast server #multicastclient 224.0.1.1 # multicast client #manycastserver 239.255.254.254 # manycast server #manycastclient 239.255.254.254 autokey # manycast client # 允許上層時間服務(wù)器主動修改本機時間 restrict 2.cn.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery restrict 1.asia.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery restrict 2.asia.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery server 127.0.0.1 # local clock fudge 127.0.0.1 stratum 10 # Enable public key cryptography. #crypto includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw # Key file containing the keys and key identifiers used when operating # with symmetric key cryptography. keys /etc/ntp/keys # Specify the key identifiers which are trusted. #trustedkey 4 8 42 # Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpdc utility. #requestkey 8 # Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpq utility. #controlkey 8 # Enable writing of statistics records. #statistics clockstats cryptostats loopstats peerstats # Disable the monitoring facility to prevent amplification attacks using ntpdc # monlist command when default restrict does not include the noquery flag. See # CVE-2013-5211 for more details. # Note: Monitoring will not be disabled with the limited restriction flag. disable monitor 修改完成后重啟ntpd服務(wù)
systemctl restart ntpd
使用ntpq -p 查看網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的NTP服務(wù)器，同時顯示客戶端和每個服務(wù)器的關(guān)系
使用ntpstat 命令查看時間同步狀態(tài)，這個一般需要5-10分鐘后才能成功連接和同步。所以，服務(wù)器啟動后需要稍等下：
剛啟動的時候，一般是：
# ntpstat
unsynchronised
time server re-starting
polling server every 64 s連接并同步后:
# ntpstat
synchronised to NTP server (202.112.10.36) at stratum 3
time correct to within 275 ms
polling server every 256 s5. 設(shè)置ntp客戶端: 172.16.248.129|130|131
安裝ntp服務(wù)并設(shè)置為自動啟動，和前面的設(shè)置方式相同。然后編輯/etc/ntp.conf文件，紅色字體為變化的內(nèi)容。
# For more information about this file, see the man pages
# ntp.conf(5), ntp_acc(5), ntp_auth(5), ntp_clock(5), ntp_misc(5), ntp_mon(5). driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift # Permit time synchronization with our time source, but do not # permit the source to query or modify the service on this system. restrict default nomodify notrap nopeer noquery # Permit all access over the loopback interface. This could # be tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of # the administrative functions. restrict 127.0.0.1 restrict ::1 # Hosts on local network are less restricted. #restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap # Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project. # Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html). #server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst server 172.16.248.1 restrict 172.16.248.1 nomodify notrap noquery server 127.0.0.1 fudge 127.0.0.1 stratum 10 #broadcast 192.168.1.255 autokey # broadcast server #broadcastclient # broadcast client #broadcast 224.0.1.1 autokey # multicast server #multicastclient 224.0.1.1 # multicast client #manycastserver 239.255.254.254 # manycast server #manycastclient 239.255.254.254 autokey # manycast client # Enable public key cryptography. #crypto includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw # Key file containing the keys and key identifiers used when operating # with symmetric key cryptography. keys /etc/ntp/keys # Specify the key identifiers which are trusted. #trustedkey 4 8 42 # Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpdc utility. #requestkey 8 # Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpq utility. #controlkey 8 # Enable writing of statistics records. #statistics clockstats cryptostats loopstats peerstats # Disable the monitoring facility to prevent amplification attacks using ntpdc # monlist command when default restrict does not include the noquery flag. See # CVE-2013-5211 for more details. # Note: Monitoring will not be disabled with the limited restriction flag. disable monitor 重啟ntpd服務(wù)
#systemctl restart ntpd啟動后，查看同步情況
# ntpq -p
# ntpstat 因為是內(nèi)網(wǎng)，一般ntpstat很快就可以同步上。
新聞標(biāo)題：CentOS7中使用NTP進(jìn)行時間同步
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