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在Android開發(fā)中,View是我們必須要接觸的用來展示的技術(shù).通常情況下隨著View視圖的越來越復(fù)雜,整體布局的性能也會隨之下降.這里介紹一個在某些場景下提升布局性能的View,它就是ViewStub.

讓客戶滿意是我們工作的目標(biāo),不斷超越客戶的期望值來自于我們對這個行業(yè)的熱愛。我們立志把好的技術(shù)通過有效、簡單的方式提供給客戶,將通過不懈努力成為客戶在信息化領(lǐng)域值得信任、有價值的長期合作伙伴,公司提供的服務(wù)項目有:域名注冊、網(wǎng)站空間、營銷軟件、網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、銀川網(wǎng)站維護(hù)、網(wǎng)站推廣。
ViewStub是什么
- ViewStub是View的子類
- 它不可見,大小為0
- 用來延遲加載布局資源
注,關(guān)于Stub的解釋
A stub is a small program routine that substitutes for a longer program, possibly to be loaded later or that is located remotely
在Java中,樁是指用來代替關(guān)聯(lián)代碼或者未實現(xiàn)代碼的代碼.
ViewStub使用場景
如上圖所示,
- 一個ListView包含了諸如 新聞,商業(yè),科技 等Item
- 每個Item又包含了各自對應(yīng)的子話題,
- 但是子話題的View(藍(lán)色區(qū)域)只有在點擊展開按鈕才真正需要加載.
- 如果默認(rèn)加載子話題的View,則會造成內(nèi)存的占用和CPU的消耗
所以,這時候就ViewStub就派上用處了.使用ViewStub可以延遲加載布局資源.
ViewStub 怎么用
1.在布局文件中使用ViewStub標(biāo)簽
- xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
- android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
- android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
- android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
- tools:context="com.droidyue.viewstubsample.MainActivity">
2.在代碼中inflate布局
- ViewStub myViewStub = (ViewStub)findViewById(R.id.myViewStub);
- if (myViewStub != null) {
- myViewStub.inflate();
- //或者是下面的形式加載
- //myViewStub.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
- }
關(guān)于ViewStub的事
- 除了 inflate 方法外,我們還可以調(diào)用 setVisibility() 方法加載布局文件
- 一旦加載布局完成后,ViewStub會從當(dāng)前布局層級中刪除
- android:id 指定ViewStub ID,用于查找ViewStub進(jìn)行延遲加載
- android:layout 延遲加載布局的資源id
- android:inflatedId 加載的布局被重寫的id,這里為RelativeLayout的id
ViewStub的不足
官方的文檔中有這樣一段描述
Note: One drawback of ViewStub is that it doesn’t currently support the tag in the layouts to be inflated.
意思是ViewStub不支持 標(biāo)簽.
關(guān)于不支持 標(biāo)簽的程度,我們進(jìn)行一個簡單的驗證
驗證一:直接 標(biāo)簽
如下,我們有布局文件名為merge_layout.xml
替換對應(yīng)的ViewStub的android:layout屬性值之后,運行后(點擊Button按鈕)得到產(chǎn)生了如下的崩潰
- E AndroidRuntime: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #1:
can be used only with a valid ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true - E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:551)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:429)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.ViewStub.inflate(ViewStub.java:259)
- E AndroidRuntime: at com.droidyue.viewstubsample.MainActivity$1.onClick(MainActivity.java:20)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5697)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.widget.TextView.performClick(TextView.java:10815)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:22526)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:158)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7237)
- E AndroidRuntime: at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
- E AndroidRuntime: at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1230)
- E AndroidRuntime: at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1120)
- E AndroidRuntime: Caused by: android.view.InflateException:
can be used only with a valid ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true - E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:491)
- E AndroidRuntime: ... 13 more
可見,直接的 標(biāo)簽,ViewStub是不支持的.
驗證二 間接的ViewStub
下面布局間接使用了merge標(biāo)簽.文件名為 include_merge.xml
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent">
然后修改ViewStub的 android:layout 值,運行,一切正常.
除此之外,本例也驗證了ViewStub也是對 標(biāo)簽支持良好的.
關(guān)于ViewStub的一點代碼剖析
inflate vs setVisibility
inflate和setVisibility的共同點是都可以實現(xiàn)加載布局
- /** * When visibility is set to {@link #VISIBLE} or {@link #INVISIBLE},
- * {@link #inflate()} is invoked and this StubbedView is replaced in its parent
- * by the inflated layout resource.
- *
- * @param visibility One of {@link #VISIBLE}, {@link #INVISIBLE}, or {@link #GONE}.
- *
- * @see #inflate()
- */
- @Override
- public void setVisibility(int visibility) {
- if (mInflatedViewRef != null) {
- View view = mInflatedViewRef.get();
- if (view != null) {
- view.setVisibility(visibility);
- } else {
- throw new IllegalStateException("setVisibility called on un-referenced view");
- }
- } else {
- super.setVisibility(visibility);
- if (visibility == VISIBLE || visibility == INVISIBLE) {
- inflate();
- }
- }
- }
setVisibility只是在ViewStub***次延遲初始化時,并且visibility是非 GONE 時,調(diào)用了 inflate 方法.
inflate源碼
通過閱讀下面的inflate方法實現(xiàn),我們將更加理解
- android:inflatedId的用途
- ViewStub在初始化后從視圖層級中移除
- ViewStub的layoutParameters應(yīng)用
- mInflatedViewRef通過弱引用形式,建立ViewStub與加載的View的聯(lián)系.
- /** * Inflates the layout resource identified by {@link #getLayoutResource()}
- * and replaces this StubbedView in its parent by the inflated layout resource.
- *
- * @return The inflated layout resource.
- *
- */
- public View inflate() {
- final ViewParent viewParent = getParent();
- if (viewParent != null && viewParent instanceof ViewGroup) {
- if (mLayoutResource != 0) {
- final ViewGroup parent = (ViewGroup) viewParent;
- final LayoutInflater factory = LayoutInflater.from(mContext);
- final View view = factory.inflate(mLayoutResource, parent,
- false);
- if (mInflatedId != NO_ID) {
- view.setId(mInflatedId);
- }
- final int index = parent.indexOfChild(this);
- parent.removeViewInLayout(this);
- final ViewGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = getLayoutParams();
- if (layoutParams != null) {
- parent.addView(view, index, layoutParams);
- } else {
- parent.addView(view, index);
- }
- mInflatedViewRef = new WeakReference
(view); - if (mInflateListener != null) {
- mInflateListener.onInflate(this, view);
- }
- return view;
- } else {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("ViewStub must have a valid layoutResource");
- }
- } else {
- throw new IllegalStateException("ViewStub must have a non-null ViewGroup viewParent");
- }
- }
新聞名稱:Android使用ViewStub提高布局性能
文章來源:http://m.fisionsoft.com.cn/article/dhigjjo.html


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