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Docker 是一個(gè)開源的應(yīng)用容器引擎,讓開發(fā)者可以打包他們的應(yīng)用以及依賴包到一個(gè)可移植的容器中,然后發(fā)布到任何流行的 Linux 機(jī)器上,也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)虛擬化,本篇文章重點(diǎn)為大家講解一下Docker平臺(tái)基本使用方法。

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開啟動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能,默認(rèn)會(huì)自動(dòng)開啟
[root@Docker ]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf #插入以下內(nèi)容
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@Docker ]# sysctl -p #生效
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@Docker ]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
1
例 1:運(yùn)行一個(gè) container 并加載鏡像 centos,運(yùn)行起來這個(gè)實(shí)例后,在實(shí)例中執(zhí)行 /bin/bash 命令
docker 常用參數(shù):
run 運(yùn)行
-i 以交互模式運(yùn)行容器,通常與 -t 同時(shí)使用
-t 為容器重新分配一個(gè)偽輸入終端,通常與 -i 同時(shí)使用
[root@Docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 470671670cac 4 months ago 237MB
[root@Docker ~]# docker run -it centos:latest /bin/bash #啟動(dòng)一個(gè)實(shí)例,秒級(jí)響應(yīng)
[root@efb4af688330 /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@efb4af688330 /]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 8.1.1911 (Core)
安裝軟件
[root@0a297ff99af8 /]# yum install -y httpd
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
CentOS-8 - AppStream 5.7 MB/s | 7.0 MB 00:01
CentOS-8 - Base 2.2 MB/s | 2.2 MB 00:00
CentOS-8 - Extras 8.1 kB/s | 5.9 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
==========================================================================
Package Arch Version Repo Size
==========================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463 AppStream 1.7 M
Installing dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.6.3-9.el8 AppStream 125 k
apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 105 k
centos-logos-httpd
noarch 80.5-2.el8 AppStream 24 k
httpd-filesystem
noarch 2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463 AppStream 35 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463 AppStream 103 k
mod_http2 x86_64 1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce2796 AppStream 158 k
brotli x86_64 1.0.6-1.el8 BaseOS 323 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.48-3.el8 BaseOS 39 k
Installing weak dependencies:
apr-util-bdb
x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 25 k
apr-util-openssl
x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 27 k
Enabling module streams:
httpd 2.4
Transaction Summary
==========================================================================
Install 11 Packages
Total download size: 2.6 M
Installed size: 8.1 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/11): apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.r 142 kB/s | 25 kB 00:00 A
(2/11): apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64.rpm 588 kB/s | 125 kB 00:00
(3/11): apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_ 346 kB/s | 27 kB 00:00
(4/11): apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 340 kB/s | 105 kB 00:00
(5/11): centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noa 187 kB/s | 24 kB 00:00
(6/11): httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module 398 kB/s | 35 kB 00:00
(7/11): mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0 992 kB/s | 158 kB 00:00
(8/11): httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+25 4.8 MB/s | 1.7 MB 00:00
(9/11): httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8. 387 kB/s | 103 kB 00:00
(10/11): mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch.rpm 289 kB/s | 39 kB 00:00
(11/11): brotli-1.0.6-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 826 kB/s | 323 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 290 kB/s | 2.6 MB 00:09
warning: /var/cache/dnf/AppStream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS-8 - AppStream 1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
Userid : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) "
Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/11
Running scriptlet: apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/11
Installing : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 2/11
Installing : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 3/11
Installing : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/11
Running scriptlet: apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/11
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae7 5/11
Installing : mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch 6/11
Installing : brotli-1.0.6-1.el8.x86_64 7/11
Running scriptlet: httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+25 8/11
Installing : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+25 8/11
Installing : centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch 9/11
Installing : mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce27 10/11
Installing : httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463. 11/11
Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463. 11/11
Verifying : apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/11
Verifying : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 2/11
Verifying : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 3/11
Verifying : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/11
Verifying : centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch 5/11
Verifying : httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463. 6/11
Verifying : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+25 7/11
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae7 8/11
Verifying : mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce27 9/11
Verifying : brotli-1.0.6-1.el8.x86_64 10/11
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch 11/11
Installed:
httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64
apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64
apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch
httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.noarch
httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64
mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce2796.x86_64
brotli-1.0.6-1.el8.x86_64
mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch
Complete!
退出容器
[root@efb4af688330 /]# exit
exit
[root@Docker ~]#
例 2:在 container 中啟動(dòng)一個(gè)長久運(yùn)行的進(jìn)程,不斷向 stdin 輸出 hello world 模擬一個(gè)后臺(tái)運(yùn)行的服務(wù)
docker 常用參數(shù):
-d 后臺(tái)運(yùn)行容器,并返回容器 ID
-c 后面跟待完成的命令
[root@Docker ~]# docker run -d centos:latest /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
607752360adf7e9ebfdbae01d09b2fd9ed2f350ad2d87e3e868d63144b966104
#容器的 ID
從一個(gè)容器中取日志,查看輸出的內(nèi)容
[root@Docker ~]# docker logs 607752360ad #容器的 ID 可以寫全,也可以不寫全,只要唯一就可以了
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
[root@Docker ~]#
查看正在運(yùn)行的容器
[root@Docker ]# docker ps #列出所有運(yùn)行中容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
607752360adf centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" About a minute ago Up About a minute brave_fermi
也可以使用短 ID 或 docker 實(shí)例的名字查看日志輸出
[root@Docker ~]# docker logs 607752360adf
或
[root@Docker ~]# docker logs brave_fermi
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps -a #-a 列出所有容器(包含沉睡/退出狀態(tài)的容器)
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
607752360adf centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes brave_fermi
0a297ff99af8 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (1) 5 minutes ago ecstatic_yonath
efb4af688330 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago epic_mcclintock
[root@Docker ~]# docker images #列出所有本地鏡像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 470671670cac 4 months ago 237MB
例 3:殺死一個(gè)容器 比如:殺死一個(gè)正在后臺(tái)運(yùn)行的容器
查看要?dú)⑺廊萜鞯?ID
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps -a #-a 列出所有容器(包含沉睡/退出狀態(tài)的容器);
殺死 ID 為 607752360adf 的容器
[root@Docker ~]# docker kill 607752360adf #殺死一個(gè)容器
607752360adf
查看結(jié)果
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
例 4:啟動(dòng)、停止、重啟 container 容器實(shí)例
啟動(dòng): run # 創(chuàng)建并運(yùn)行 docker 實(shí)例
[root@Docker ]# docker run -d centos:latest /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
查看容器
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bea2aaa70725 centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds flamboyant_keller
關(guān)閉容器
[root@Docker ~]# docker stop bea2aaa70725
bea2aaa70725
查看
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bea2aaa70725 centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" About a minute ago Exited (137) 35 seconds ago flamboyant_keller
607752360adf centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 9 minutes ago Exited (137) 3 minutes ago brave_fermi
0a297ff99af8 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Exited (1) 10 minutes ago ecstatic_yonath
efb4af688330 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago epic_mcclintock
[root@Docker ~]# docker start bea2aaa70725
bea2aaa70725
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bea2aaa70725 centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 2 minutes ago Up 31 seconds flamboyant_keller
[root@Docker ~]# docker restart bea2aaa70725
bea2aaa70725
刪除指定 container : rm
[root@Docker ~]# docker rm bea2aaa70725
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container bea2aaa707259a80c474e7d43c5648af0a5cfe16c4e50470fb6c5c84a0490d8b. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
解決:可以先把容器 1a63ddea6571 關(guān)閉,然后再刪除或加-f 強(qiáng)制刪除
[root@Docker ~]# docker rm -f bea2aaa70725
bea2aaa70725
總結(jié)
以上就是 Docker 平臺(tái)基本使用方法,希望能給大家?guī)韼椭?/p>
分享題目:詳解Docker平臺(tái)基本使用方法
轉(zhuǎn)載注明:http://m.fisionsoft.com.cn/article/cosjehj.html


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