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建立Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫的主備關系，主要是為了實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的實時同步和高可用性，在主備關系中，一個數(shù)據(jù)庫作為主庫（Primary），負責處理所有的數(shù)據(jù)更新操作；另一個數(shù)據(jù)庫作為備庫（Standby），用于接收主庫的數(shù)據(jù)更新，并保持與主庫的數(shù)據(jù)同步，當主庫出現(xiàn)故障時，備庫可以快速接管主庫的工作，保證業(yè)務的連續(xù)性。
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以下是建立Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫主備關系的詳細步驟：
1、配置主庫參數(shù)文件
需要在主庫的參數(shù)文件中設置以下參數(shù)：
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_1=’location=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/primary/standby’
fal_client=primary
standby_file_management=auto
db_unique_name=’primary’
db_file_name_convert=’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/primary/system.dbf’
db_block_size=8192
db_create_file_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/primary’
db_recovery_file_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area’
db_flashback_online_logs_target=’fal’
db_flashback_recovery_area=’AUTO’
db_flashback_enabled=’TRUE’
db_flashback_on=true
db_flashback_retention_target=0
db_flashback_retention_policy=LOGS
db_flashback_archive_dest=’LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area’
db_create_online_log_dest=’disk’
db_log_archive_config=’DEST_STATE=ENABLE VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES, ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=location="/u01/app/oracle/oradata/primary/standby" ASYNC=false COMPRESSION=none RMAN=ON CONFIGURED_CAPTURE=false’
2、創(chuàng)建歸檔日志目錄
在主庫上創(chuàng)建一個目錄，用于存儲歸檔日志文件。
mkdir p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/primary/standby chown R oracle:dba /u01/app/oracle/oradata/primary/standby
3、創(chuàng)建備用服務器實例
在備庫上創(chuàng)建一個與主庫相同的實例，并使用主庫的參數(shù)文件。
dbca silent responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/templates/dbca.rsp gdbname primary syspassword Oradoc_db1 systempassword Oradoc_db1 characterset AL32UTF8 sampleschema false createpwd primary storagetype FILE_SYSTEM memory 4G processors 2 instance number 2 nodenumber 1 automatedBackup false destination /u01/app/oracle/oradata/secondary characterset AL32UTF8 globalDBName primary service name primary initPassword Oradoc_db1 force nonContainerized true orclSnapshotDir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area copyData false crosscheck true spfile /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/database/spfileprimary.ora controlFile /u01.app.oracle.product.12.1.0.dbhome.1.database.ctlprimary.ora passwordFile /u01.app.oracle.product.12.1.0.dbhome.1.database.pwdprimary.ora startMode auto compatiblediagnosticDestination /u01.app.oracle.product.12.1.0.dbhome.1.rdbms
diag___________________________________________ <``` 4、配置備用服務器實例 在備庫實例上執(zhí)行以下命令，將主庫設置為備用服務器的源：
設置備用服務器實例的參數(shù)文件路徑
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_unique_name=’secondary’ SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_file_name={‘system’,’users’,’example’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest={‘location=//u01.app.oracle.local/u01.app.oracle.oradata/u01.app.oracle.local/secondary} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_client={‘secondary’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_block_size=8192 SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_create_file={‘primary’,’secondary’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file={‘primary’,’secondary’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_flashback={‘on’,’off’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_flashback={‘logs’,’transactions’,’both’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_flashback={‘enable’,’disable’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_flashback={‘threshold’,’target’,’policy’,’retention target’,’retention policy’,’archive destination’,’compressed backups’,’valid for all logfiles and roles’,’asynch commit’,’configured capture’,’auto switchover on failover’,’auto switchover on new primary failover’,’auto switchover on local node failure’,’auto switchover on remote node failure’,’auto switchover on connection loss’,’auto switchover on client disconnect’,’auto switchover on session reset’,’auto switchover on transaction rollback’,’auto switchover on transaction commit error’,’auto switchover on transaction prepare error’,’auto switchover on transaction deadlock error’,’auto switchover on transaction serialization error’,’auto switchover on transaction lock time out error’,’auto switchover on transaction system error’,’auto switchover on transaction too long error’,’auto switchover on transaction cancel error’,’auto switchover on transaction update conflict error’,’auto switchover on transaction invalid lock id error’,’auto switchover on transaction deadlock detected error’,’auto switchover on transaction indoubt error’,’auto switchover on transaction distributed deadlock error’,’auto switchover on transaction state change error’,’auto switchover on transaction object lock error’,’auto switchover on transaction object busy error’,’auto switchover on transaction object not found error’,’auto switchover on transaction object no longer valid error’,’auto switchover on transaction object pinned error’,’auto switchover on transaction object purged error’,’auto switchover on transaction object expired error’,’auto switchover on transaction object closed error’,’auto switchover on transaction object locked by another session error’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_flashback={‘fast start failover enable’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_flashback={‘fast start failover disable’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_flashback={‘fast start failover wait for complete recovery before switching over to the new primary’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_flashback={‘fast start failover wait for apply redo to complete before switching over to the new primary’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_flashback={‘fast start failover wait for archived redo logs to be applied before switching over to the new primary’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_flashback={‘fast start failover wait for log apply to complete before switching over to the new primary’} SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET db
本文標題：建立Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫的主備關系
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