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在Ubuntu上設(shè)置DNS服務(wù)器是一種常見的網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理任務(wù)，它可以幫助你的局域網(wǎng)用戶解析域名，以下是詳細(xì)的步驟：
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1. 安裝BIND9
你需要在你的Ubuntu系統(tǒng)上安裝BIND9，這是一個開源的DNS服務(wù)器軟件，打開終端，輸入以下命令：
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install bind9
2. 配置BIND9
安裝完成后，你需要配置BIND9，配置文件通常位于`/etc/bind`目錄下，你可以使用文本編輯器打開主配置文件`named.conf`，使用nano編輯器，你可以輸入以下命令：
sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf
在這個文件中，你需要設(shè)置你的區(qū)域名稱服務(wù)器（通常為.in-addr.arpa）。
zone "example.com" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.example.com";
};
你需要創(chuàng)建一個新的區(qū)域文件，例如`db.example.com`，并添加一些DNS記錄，這些記錄通常包括正向和反向查找。
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns1.example.com. root.example.com. (
1 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS ns1.example.com.
ns1 IN A 192.0.2.1
www IN A 192.0.2.2
3. 重啟BIND9服務(wù)
配置完成后，你需要重啟BIND9服務(wù)以使更改生效，在終端中輸入以下命令：
sudo systemctl restart bind9
4. 設(shè)置防火墻規(guī)則
如果你的服務(wù)器啟用了防火墻，你可能需要添加一些規(guī)則以允許DNS查詢，在Ubuntu上，你可以使用UFW工具來管理防火墻規(guī)則，你可以使用以下命令允許對BIND9端口（通常是53）的傳入和傳出流量：
“`bash
sudo ufw allow from any to any port 53 protocol tcp # Allow incoming traffic for BIND9 service, e.g., for resolving domain names over DNS protocol on port 53. This is necessary if you are behind a NAT or firewall that does not allow outgoing traffic on the default port of your network connection (usually port 53). The ‘protocol tcp’ part of the command specifies that we want to allow only TCP traffic on the specified port number (in this case, port number 53). If you want to allow both incoming and outgoing traffic on this port, replace ‘any’ with an IP address range that matches your server’s public IP address(es). For example: ‘allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 53 protocol tcp’ would allow all clients within the range of IP addresses starting with ‘192’ followed by two sets of digits separated by a slash (e.g., ‘192.168.1’) up to a maximum of three sets of digits (e.g., ‘192.168.10’) to access port number 53 using TCP protocol over the Internet connection through your server’s public IP address(es). If you do not know your server’s public IP address(es), use a service like WhatIsMyIPAddress? or similar tool available online that can provide you with your server’s public IP address(es). Note that some firewalls may require additional configuration steps before allowing incoming connections on specific port numbers, such as configuring source address verification (SAV) rules for outgoing connections over VPN connections or other types of secure connections where it is important to verify the identity of the client connecting to your server over the network connection before allowing them access to specific services running on your server, such as web servers or database servers that store sensitive information about users or clients who visit those sites or use those services over the internet connection through their browsers or applications installed on their devices connected directly to the same local network segment as your server’s public IP address(es).
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