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Database Management Systems: Types and Common Features

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Introduction
Managing data has become essential for businesses and organizations to capture, store, process, and retrieve information efficiently. Over the years, technology has evolved rapidly to cater to the growing need for data storage and management. Database management systems (DBMS) are software applications that facilitate data processing, retrieval, and ysis. There are different types of database management systems, each having their distinct features and benefits. In this article, we will discuss the common types of DBMS and their characteristics.
Relational DBMS
The relational database management system (RDBMS) is the most commonly used type of DBMS. RDBMS is a structured database system that stores data in tables, making processing and retrieval efficient. RDBMS uses SQL (Structured Query Language) to manipulate data, and it organizes data into rows and columns. Each column represents a field or attribute, while each row represents a record or tuple. This type of DBMS allows efficient searching, retrieval, and updating of data.
Object DBMS
Object database management systems (ODBMS) store data in the form of objects, as opposed to tables used in RDBMS. Each object consists of data, behavior, and identity. It enables developers to create complex applications that integrate the database with programming languages such as C++, Java, and Python. ODBMS provides faster performance and scalability than RDBMS, making it suitable for high-performance applications in areas such as telecom, finance, and social networks.
Graph DBMS
Graph database management systems (GDBMS) store data in a graphical representation of nodes (data entities), edges (relationships), and properties (attributes). GDBMS enables the fast traversal of data and complex queries that involve multiple relationships. Graph databases are suitable for scenarios where data has many-to-many relationships such as social networks, recommendation engines, and fraud detection systems. GDBMS enables the development of user-friendly interfaces through graph-based visualizations, making data ysis and decision-making simple.
NoSQL DBMS
NoSQL database management systems are designed to handle large volumes of unstructured, semi-structured, and structured data. NoSQL DBMS does not follow the traditional relational database model, providing the flexibility to store diverse data types such as audio, video, physical location data, and time-series data. NoSQL DBMS is partition-tolerant, meaning it can manage data across multiple nodes, making it highly avlable and resilient. It provides high flexibility, faster processing, and scalability, making it suitable for cloud-based applications, big data, and IoT applications.
Conclusion
A careful ysis of business and application requirements is critical in choosing the type of DBMS to use. Factors such as scalability, performance, flexibility, and data structure complexity determine the type of DBMS to use. Relational, object, graph, and NoSQL database management systems are common DBMS types with different features and benefits suitable for different applications. Understanding the strengths and limitations of each type will enable businesses to choose the most suitable DBMS for their applications.
相關(guān)問題拓展閱讀:
- 時(shí)下流行的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)(DMBS)有哪些?
- 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)包括哪兩大部分?分別有什么作用?
時(shí)下流行的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)(DMBS)有哪些?
DBMS是數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)。
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)(Database Management System)是一種操縱和管理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的大型軟件,用于建立、使用和維護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),簡(jiǎn)稱DBMS。它對(duì)鏈正數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一的管理和控制,以保證數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的安全性和完整性。用戶通過DBMS訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理員也通過dbms進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的維護(hù)工作。它可使多個(gè)應(yīng)用程序和用戶用不同的方法在同時(shí)或不同友圓時(shí)刻去建立,修改和詢問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。大部分DBMS提供數(shù)據(jù)定義語(yǔ)言DDL(Data Definition Language)和數(shù)據(jù)操作語(yǔ)言DML(Data Manipulation Language),供用戶定義數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的模式結(jié)構(gòu)與權(quán)限約束,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的追加、刪除等操作。
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)是數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的核心好喚塌,是管理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的軟件。數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)就是實(shí)現(xiàn)把用戶意義下抽象的邏輯數(shù)據(jù)處理,轉(zhuǎn)換成為計(jì)算機(jī)中具體的物理數(shù)據(jù)處理的軟件。有了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng),用戶就可以在抽象意義下處理數(shù)據(jù),而不必顧及這些數(shù)據(jù)在計(jì)算機(jī)中的布局和物理位置。
當(dāng)下流行的dbms有:mysql sqlserver oracle postgres
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)包括哪兩大部分?分別有什么作用?
從系統(tǒng)功能方面來分析數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。一友臘般來說,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該具備以下功能:數(shù)據(jù)定義,數(shù)據(jù)操縱,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)運(yùn)行管理,數(shù)據(jù)組織、存儲(chǔ)和管理,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的建立、維護(hù)和其他。而實(shí)現(xiàn)這些功能就需要相應(yīng)的程序模塊。以下分別介紹這些相應(yīng)的程序模塊:
(1)數(shù)據(jù)定義模塊:包括DDL翻譯處理程序(包括外模式、模式、存儲(chǔ)模式處理程序)、保密定義處理程序(如授權(quán)定義處理程序)、完整性約束定義處理程序等。這些程序接收相應(yīng)的定義,進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)義檢查,把它們翻譯為內(nèi)部格式存儲(chǔ)在數(shù)據(jù)字典中。DDL翻譯程序還根據(jù)模式定義負(fù)責(zé)建中告局立數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的框架(即形成一個(gè)空庫(kù)),等待裝入數(shù)據(jù)。
(2)數(shù)據(jù)操縱模塊:包括DML處理程序、終端查詢語(yǔ)言解釋程序、數(shù)據(jù)存取程序、數(shù)據(jù)更新程序等。DML處理程序或終端查詢語(yǔ)言解釋程序?qū)τ脩魯?shù)據(jù)操縱請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)義檢查,有數(shù)據(jù)存取或更新程序完成對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的存取操作。
(3)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)運(yùn)行管理模塊:包括系統(tǒng)初啟程序,負(fù)責(zé)初始化DBMS,建立DBMS的系統(tǒng)緩沖區(qū),系統(tǒng)工作區(qū),打開數(shù)據(jù)字典等等。還有安全性控制,完整性檢查、并發(fā)控制、事務(wù)管理、運(yùn)行日志管賣讓理等程序模塊,在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)運(yùn)行過程中監(jiān)視著對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的所有操作,控制管理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)資源,處理多用戶的并發(fā)操作等。它們一方面保證用戶事務(wù)的正常運(yùn)行及其原子性,一方面保證數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的安全性和完整性。
(4)數(shù)據(jù)組織、存儲(chǔ)和管理模塊:包括文件讀寫與維護(hù)程序、存取路徑(如索引)管理程序、緩沖區(qū)管理程序(包括緩沖區(qū)讀、寫、淘汰模塊),這些程序負(fù)責(zé)維護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的數(shù)據(jù)和存取路徑,提供有效的存取方法。
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的軟件中包括操作系統(tǒng)(os)、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)(dbms)、主語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)、應(yīng)用程序軟件和用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)中各種軟件的作用如下:
①
操作系統(tǒng)或漢字升薯此操作系統(tǒng):操作系統(tǒng)是所有計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的基礎(chǔ),在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)中它起著支持dbms及主語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)工作的作用。如果管理的信息中有漢字,則需要中文操作系統(tǒng)的支持,以提供漢字的輸入、輸出方法和漢字信息的處理方法。
②
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)和主語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng):數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)是為定義、建立、維護(hù)、使用及控制數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)而吵迅提供的有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)管理的系統(tǒng)軟件。主語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)是為應(yīng)用程序提供的諸如程序控制、數(shù)據(jù)輸入輸出、功能函數(shù)、圖形處理、計(jì)算方法等數(shù)據(jù)處理功能的系統(tǒng)軟件。
③
應(yīng)用開發(fā)工具軟件:應(yīng)用開發(fā)工具是dbms系統(tǒng)為應(yīng)用開發(fā)人員和最終用戶提供的高效率、多功能的應(yīng)用生成器、第四代計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言等各種軟件工具.如報(bào)表生成器、表單生成器、查詢和視圖設(shè)計(jì)器等,它們?yōu)閿?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)和使用提供了良好的環(huán)境和幫助。
④
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)有那些的介紹就聊到這里吧,感謝你花時(shí)間閱讀本站內(nèi)容,更多關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)有那些,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)有哪些常見的?,時(shí)下流行的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)(DMBS)有哪些?,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)包括哪兩大部分?分別有什么作用?的信息別忘了在本站進(jìn)行查找喔。
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文章題目:數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)有哪些常見的?(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)有那些)
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