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本篇文章重點(diǎn)為大家講解一下網(wǎng)絡(luò)端口地址轉(zhuǎn)換 NAPT 配置方法,有需要的小伙伴可以參考一下。

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實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?/h4>
理解 NAT 網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換的原理及功能 掌握 NAPT 的配置,實(shí)現(xiàn)局域網(wǎng)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
實(shí)驗(yàn)背景
你是某公司的網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理員,公司辦公網(wǎng)需要接入互聯(lián)網(wǎng),公司只向 ISP 申請(qǐng)了一條專(zhuān)線(xiàn),該專(zhuān)線(xiàn)分配了一個(gè)公司 IP 地址,配置實(shí)現(xiàn)全公司的主機(jī)都能訪(fǎng)問(wèn)外網(wǎng)。
技術(shù)原理
NAT 將網(wǎng)絡(luò)劃分為內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)和外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)兩部分,局域網(wǎng)主機(jī)利用 NAT 訪(fǎng)問(wèn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí),是將局域網(wǎng)內(nèi)部的本地地址轉(zhuǎn)換為全局地址(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)合法的 IP 地址)后轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)包; NAT 分為兩種類(lèi)型:NAT(網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換)和 NAPT(網(wǎng)絡(luò)端口地址轉(zhuǎn)換 IP 地址對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)全局地址)。 NAPT:使用不同的端口來(lái)映射多個(gè)內(nèi)網(wǎng) IP 地址到一個(gè)指定的外網(wǎng) IP 地址,多對(duì)一。 NAPT 采用端口多路復(fù)用方式。內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)的所有主機(jī)均可共享一個(gè)合法外部 IP 地址實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì) Internet 的訪(fǎng)問(wèn),從而可以最大限度地節(jié)約 IP 地址資源。同時(shí),又可隱藏網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部的所有主機(jī),有效避免來(lái)自 Internet 的攻擊。因此,目前網(wǎng)絡(luò)中應(yīng)用最多的就是端口多路復(fù)用方式。
ISP(Internet Service Provider),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商,即向廣大用戶(hù)綜合提供互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入業(yè)務(wù)、信息業(yè)務(wù)和增值業(yè)務(wù)的電信運(yùn)營(yíng)商。ISP是經(jīng)國(guó)家主管部門(mén)批準(zhǔn)的正式運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè),享受?chē)?guó)家法律保護(hù)。
實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟
新建 Packet Tracer 拓?fù)鋱D
(1)R1 為公司出口路由器,其與 ISP 路由器之間通過(guò) V.35 電纜串口連接,DCE 端連接在 R1 上,配置其時(shí)鐘頻率 64000; (2)配置 PC 機(jī)、服務(wù)器及路由器接口 IP 地址; (3)在各路由器上配置靜態(tài)路由協(xié)議,讓 PC 間能相互 Ping 通; (4)在 R1 上配置 NAPT。 (5)在 R1 上定義內(nèi)外網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口。 (6)驗(yàn)證主機(jī)之間的互通性。
實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備
PC 2 臺(tái);Server-PT 1 臺(tái);Switch_2950-24 1 臺(tái) Router-PT 2 臺(tái);直通線(xiàn);交叉線(xiàn);DCE串口線(xiàn)
PC1
192.168.1.2
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
PC2
192.168.1.3
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
Server
200.1.2.2
255.255.255.0
200.1.2.1
R1
en
conf t
host R1
int fa 0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
int s 2/0
ip address 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
clock rate 64000
R2
en
conf t
host R2
int s 2/0
ip address 200.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
int fa 0/0
ip address 200.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
R1
exit
ip route 200.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.2
R2
exit
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.1
end
show ip route
PC1
CMD
ping 200.1.2.2 (success)
Web 瀏覽器
http://200.1.2.2 (success)
R1
int fa 0/0
ip nat inside
int s 2/0
ip nat outside
exit
access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
ip nat pool jaking 200.1.1.3 200.1.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 #設(shè)置名稱(chēng)為jaking的地址池,起始和終止IP都是200.1.1.3
ip nat inside source list 1 pool jaking overload (無(wú) overload 表示多對(duì)多,有 overload 表示多對(duì)一)
end
show ip nat translations(無(wú)結(jié)果)
PC1
Web 瀏覽器
http://200.1.2.2 (success)
R1
show ip nat translations(有 1 個(gè)結(jié)果)
PC2
Web 瀏覽器
http://200.1.2.2 (success)
R1
show ip nat translations(有 2 個(gè)結(jié)果)
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
R1
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host R1
R1(config)#int fa 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#int s 2/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#
R2
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host R2
R2(config)#int s 2/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 200.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#int fa 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 200.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#
R1
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#ip route 200.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.2
R2
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.1
R2(config)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 200.1.1.1
C 200.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
C 200.1.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
PC1
CMD
ping 200.1.2.2 (success)
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1
PC>ping 200.1.2.2
Pinging 200.1.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Reply from 200.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=126
Reply from 200.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=126
Reply from 200.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=20ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 200.1.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 20ms, Maximum = 25ms, Average = 23ms
PC>ping 200.1.2.2
Pinging 200.1.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 200.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=126
Reply from 200.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=20ms TTL=126
Reply from 200.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=23ms TTL=126
Reply from 200.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 200.1.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 20ms, Maximum = 25ms, Average = 23ms
Web 瀏覽器 http://200.1.2.2 (success)
PC2
CMD
ping 200.1.2.2 (success)
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 192.168.1.3
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1
PC>ping 200.1.2.2
Pinging 200.1.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 200.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=31ms TTL=126
Reply from 200.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=126
Reply from 200.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=19ms TTL=126
Reply from 200.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=23ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 200.1.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 17ms, Maximum = 31ms, Average = 22ms
Web 瀏覽器 http://200.1.2.2 (success)
R1
R1(config)#int fa 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip nat inside
R1(config-if)#int s 2/0
R1(config-if)#ip nat outside
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
R1(config)#ip nat pool jaking 200.1.1.3 200.1.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool jaking overload
R1(config)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip nat translations
R1#
PC1
Web 瀏覽器
http://200.1.2.2 (success)
R1
show ip nat translations(有 1 個(gè)結(jié)果)
R1#show ip nat translations
Pro Inside global Inside local Outside local Outside global
tcp 200.1.1.3:1026 192.168.1.2:1026 200.1.2.2:80 200.1.2.2:80
PC2
Web 瀏覽器
http://200.1.2.2 (success)
R1
show ip nat translations(有 2 個(gè)結(jié)果)
R1#show ip nat translations
Pro Inside global Inside local Outside local Outside global
tcp 200.1.1.3:1026 192.168.1.2:1026 200.1.2.2:80 200.1.2.2:80
tcp 200.1.1.3:1024 192.168.1.3:1026 200.1.2.2:80 200.1.2.2:80
總結(jié)
至此,用思科模擬器進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)端口地址轉(zhuǎn)換 NAPT 配置完畢。
新聞名稱(chēng):網(wǎng)絡(luò)端口地址轉(zhuǎn)換NAPT配置方法
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