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Linux is an open-source operating system that is widely used in server environments and for scientific computing. The command-line interface and the utilities provided with Linux make it a powerful tool for developers and researchers. C is a popular programming language that is efficient and usually used to write system-level software. In this tutorial, we will explore how to write a file in C language using the Linux environment.
Creating and Opening a File
The first step for writing a file in C on Linux is to create and open the file. We can define a file variable using the data type “FILE” and a pointer variable using the data type “FILE *”. Next, we need to use the “fopen()” function to open the file with a specific mode. The modes are used to define the access and operation that we can perform on the file. The most commonly used modes are “r”, “w”, “a”, and “r+”. The “r” mode is used for reading the file, “w” mode is for opening the file for writing and deleting previous file contents, “a” mode is for opening the file for writing and appending the new data to the end of the file, and “r+” mode is for opening the file for both reading and writing.
Here is the code snippet to create and open the file in write mode:
“`
#include
#include
int mn() {
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen (“file.txt”, “w”);
if (fp == NULL) {
printf(“Error opening file!\n”);
exit(1);
}
fprintf(fp, “Hello World!\n”);
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
“`
In the above code, we have opened the file “file.txt” in write mode and added a string “Hello World!” to the file. Further, we have used the “fclose()” function to close the file.
Writing to a File
After opening the file, we can use various functions to write data to the file. We can use the “fprintf()” function to print data to the file. The syntax of the function is similar to the “printf()” function. We can specify the stream to which we want to write the data, the format specifier, and the values that we want to print.
Here is the code example to write integer values to a file using fprintf():
“`
#include
#include
int mn() {
FILE *fp;
int i, n = 10;
fp = fopen (“numbers.txt”, “w”);
if (fp == NULL) {
printf(“Error opening file!\n”);
exit(1);
}
for (i = 0; i
fprintf(fp, “%d “, i);
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
“`
In the above code, we have used a for loop to print the numbers from 0 to 9 to the file “numbers.txt”. We have printed the integers with a space in between using the “%d ” format specifier.
Reading from a File
Reading data from a file is also a common task in C programming. We can use the “fscanf()” function to read data from the file. The function works similar to the “scanf()” function used for input from the console. We need to pass the file stream, the format specifier for the data we want to read, and the variables where we want to store the data.
Here is the code example to read integers from a file using fscanf():
“`
#include
#include
int mn() {
FILE *fp;
int i, n = 10, num;
fp = fopen (“numbers.txt”, “r”);
if (fp == NULL) {
printf(“Error opening file!\n”);
exit(1);
}
for (i = 0; i
fscanf(fp, “%d”, &num);
printf(“%d\n”, num);
}
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
“`
In the above code, we have opened the file “numbers.txt” in read mode and used a for loop to read integers from the file using the “fscanf()” function. We have printed the integers to the console using the “printf()” function.
Conclusion
相關(guān)問題拓展閱讀:
- C語言中指針讀寫文件,問什么記事本都是亂碼,怎么改呢?
C語言中指針讀寫文件,問什么記事本都是亂碼,怎么改呢?
先說下錯(cuò)誤。
讀取,文件是用a+方式打開,這讀取數(shù)據(jù),因?yàn)槲募羔樤谧钅┑年P(guān)系卜檔納,讀取出來的數(shù)據(jù)是空的,所以n永遠(yuǎn)為0。
其次,在寫數(shù)據(jù)前,沒有fclose文件就再fopen一次,這是正確的文件操作方式?
最后,老實(shí)說,看你的代碼頭很痛,不是說代碼很難,而是這個(gè)格式實(shí)在太難看,很多時(shí)候,一看到這種混亂的代碼,直接看都不看就關(guān)掉的。在諸多IDE的今天,寫一段格式整齊的代碼很難么,不要跟我說你是用windows記事本寫代碼的。
最最后,下面是整理并修改正確的代碼:
#include
#include
#include
#ifndef MAX_NUM
#define MAX_NUM 100
#endif
typedef struct student
{
char num;
int math;
int eng;
int chin;
int ave;
int totle;
}stu;
void main()
{
stu a;
int i = 0, n = 0, k = 0;
FILE *fp = fopen(“e:\\student.txt”,”rb+”);
for(n = 0; fp && fread(&a, 1, sizeof(stu), fp) != 0; ++n) ;
printf(“請(qǐng)輸入要添加的信息”);
printf(“\n請(qǐng)輸入第%d個(gè)學(xué)生信息:\n”,n + 1);
printf(“學(xué)號(hào):\n”);
scanf(“%s”,a.num);
printf(“math成績:\n”);
scanf(“%d”,&a.math);
printf(“english成績:\n”);
scanf(“%d”,&a.eng);
printf(“chin成績:\n”型沒);
scanf(“%d”,&a.chin);
a.totle=a.math+a.eng+a.chin;
a.ave=a.totle/3;
for(k = n-1; k >= 0; k–)
{
if(strcmp(a.num,a.num) == 0)
{
printf(“該學(xué)生已經(jīng)存在蠢答,請(qǐng)重新輸入”);
break;
}
}
if(fp == NULL && (fp = fopen(“e:\\student.txt”,”wb”)) == NULL)
{
printf(“open file error!\n”);
exit(0);
}
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
for(i = 0; i
fwrite(&a, 1, sizeof(a), fp);
fclose(fp);
}
從代碼看,在Windows平臺(tái)是有大概率會(huì)亂碼,假如你的商品信息數(shù)組里存放了換行就一定會(huì)亂碼。
主要問題在文件的打開方式不對(duì),fread, fwrite函數(shù)更好以二進(jìn)制模式打開文棚衫件,即打開方式加上b,即(rb, wb)。在unix/Linux系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該沒問題。以下是問題解釋:
二進(jìn)制和文本模式的區(qū)別
1.在windows系統(tǒng)中,文本模式下,文件以””代表換行。若以文本鏈如腔模式打開文件,并用fputs等函數(shù)寫入換行符”橡答\n”時(shí),函數(shù)會(huì)自動(dòng)在”\n”前面加上”\r”。即實(shí)際寫入文件的是”” 。
2.在類Unix/Linux系統(tǒng)中文本模式下,文件以”\n”代表換行。所以Linux系統(tǒng)中在文本模式和二進(jìn)制模式下并無區(qū)別。
擴(kuò)展資料
:
ffopen為C語言編程中所需的一個(gè)常用語言,多數(shù)用來打開文件。其調(diào)用的一般形式為:文件指針名=fopen(文件名,使用文件方式);其中,‘’文件指針名”必須是被說明為FILE 類型的指針變量,文件名”是被打開文件的文件名;“使用文件方式”是指文件的類型和操作要求?!拔募笔亲址A炕蜃址?dāng)?shù)組。
基本介紹函數(shù)功能:打開一個(gè)文件函數(shù)原型:FILE * fopen(const char * path,const char * mode);相關(guān)函數(shù):open,fclose,fopen_s,_wfopenfopen所需庫:返回值:文件順利打開后,指向該流的文件指針就會(huì)被返回。如果文件打開失敗則返回NULL,并把錯(cuò)誤代碼存在errno 中。一般而言,打開文件后會(huì)做一些文件讀取或?qū)懭氲膭?dòng)作,若打開文件失敗,接下來的讀寫動(dòng)作也無法順利進(jìn)行,所以一般在fopen()后作錯(cuò)誤判斷及處理。
參數(shù)說明:參數(shù)path字符串包含欲打開的文件路徑及文件名,參數(shù)mode字符串則代表著流形態(tài)。
mode有下列幾種形態(tài)字符串:
r 以只讀方式打開文件,該文件必須存在。
r+ 以可讀寫方式打開文件,該文件必須存在。
rb+ 讀寫打開一個(gè)二進(jìn)制文件,允許讀寫數(shù)據(jù)。
rw+ 讀寫打開一個(gè)文本文件,允許讀和寫。
w 打開只寫文件,若文件存在則文件長度清為0,即該文件內(nèi)容會(huì)消失。若文件不存在則建立該文件。
w+ 打開可讀寫文件,若文件存在則文件長度清為零,即該文件內(nèi)容會(huì)消失。若文件不存在則建立該文件。
a 以附加的方式打開只寫文件。若文件不存在,則會(huì)建立該文件,如果文件存在,寫入的數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)被加到文件尾,即文件原先的內(nèi)容會(huì)被保留。(EOF符保留)
a+ 以附加方式打開可讀寫的文件。若文件不存在,則會(huì)建立該文件,如果文件存在,寫入的數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)被加到文件尾后,即文件原先的內(nèi)容會(huì)被保留。 (原來的EOF符不保留)
wb 只寫打開或新建一個(gè)二進(jìn)制文件;只允許寫數(shù)據(jù)。
wb+ 讀寫打開或建立一個(gè)二進(jìn)制文件,允許讀和寫。ab+ 讀寫打開一個(gè)二進(jìn)制文件,允許讀或在文件末追加數(shù)據(jù)。
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